3 Catalogue of visualization kinds
(ns kinds
(:require [scicloj.kindly.v4.api :as kindly]
[scicloj.kindly.v4.kind :as kind]
[clojure.math :as math]
[tablecloth.api :as tc]
[tablecloth.column.api :as tcc]
[clojure.java.io :as io]))3.1 Plain values
Values with no kind are displayed the default way each tool would display them. In Clay, they are simply pretty-printed.
(+ 4 5)9(str "abcd" "efgh")"abcdefgh"3.2 Plain data structures
By default (according to kindly/advice), plain Clojure data structures: vectors, other sequentials (lists/seqs/ranges/etc.), sets, and maps, are assigned the kinds kind/vector, kind/seq, , kind/set, and kind/map, respectively.
Each tool may have its own way to display these kinds. For example, Clay just uses text, while Portal has a hierarchical navigation UI.
(list 1 "A" :B 'C)(1 "A" :B C)(range 9)(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)[1 "A" :B 'C][1 "A" :B C]#{1 "A" :B 'C}#{1 :B C "A"}{1 "A" :B 'C}{1 "A", :B C}More examples:
(def people-as-maps
(->> (range 29)
(mapv (fn [i]
{:preferred-language (["clojure" "clojurescript" "babashka"]
(rand-int 3))
:age (rand-int 100)}))))people-as-maps[{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 78}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 61}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 94}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 27}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 1}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 65}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 51}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 47}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 84}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 50}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 91}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 78}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 86}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 85}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 21}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 78}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 70}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 39}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 72}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 32}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 36}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 18}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 51}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 51}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 6}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 0}
{:preferred-language "clojurescript", :age 39}
{:preferred-language "clojure", :age 63}
{:preferred-language "babashka", :age 6}](def people-as-vectors
(->> people-as-maps
(mapv (juxt :preferred-language :age))))people-as-vectors[["clojure" 78]
["babashka" 61]
["babashka" 94]
["babashka" 27]
["clojurescript" 1]
["babashka" 65]
["clojurescript" 51]
["clojurescript" 47]
["babashka" 84]
["clojure" 50]
["clojure" 91]
["clojure" 78]
["babashka" 86]
["clojure" 85]
["babashka" 21]
["babashka" 78]
["clojure" 70]
["clojurescript" 39]
["clojure" 72]
["clojurescript" 32]
["babashka" 36]
["babashka" 18]
["babashka" 51]
["clojurescript" 51]
["clojure" 6]
["clojure" 0]
["clojurescript" 39]
["clojure" 63]
["babashka" 6]]These kinds have recursive kind semantics: if the values inside them have kind information, they should be handled accordingly.
Here is a vector of things of different kinds inside:
[(kind/hiccup
[:div {:style
{:background-color "floralwhite"}}
[:p "hello"]])
(kind/md
"hello *hello* **hello**")
(kind/code
"(defn f [x] (+ x 9))")][
hello
hello hello hello
(defn f [x] (+ x 9))]
And here is a map:
{:x (kind/md
"**hello**")
(kind/md
"**hello**") :x}{
|
hello |
hello |
|
}
Here is a more detailed example:
{:vector-of-numbers [2 9 -1]
:vector-of-different-things ["hi"
(kind/hiccup
[:big [:big "hello"]])]
:map-of-different-things {:markdown (kind/md ["*hi*, **hi**"])
:number 9999}
:hiccup (kind/hiccup
[:big [:big "bye"]])
:dataset (tc/dataset {:x (range 3)
:y [:A :B :C]})}{
:vector-of-numbers [2 9 -1] |
[ ] |
|
{
} |
|
bye
|
|
_unnamed [3 2]:
|
}
3.4 Markdown
Values of kind/md are rendered as Markdown.
(kind/md
["
* This is [markdown](https://www.markdownguide.org/).
* *Isn't it??*"
"
* Here is **some more** markdown."])- This is markdown.
- Isnβt it??
- Here is some more markdown.
Ideally, tools should support TeX inside Markown.
(kind/md
"If $x$ equals 9, then $$x^2+9=90$$")If \(x\) equals 9, then \[x^2+9=90\]
3.5 TeX
(kind/tex "x^2=\\alpha")\[x^2=\alpha\]
3.6 Mermaid
(kind/mermaid
"
flowchart TD
A[Christmas] -->|Get money| B(Go shopping)
B --> C{Let me think}
C -->|One| D[Laptop]
C -->|Two| E[iPhone]
C -->|Three| F[fa:fa-car Car]
")
flowchart TD
A[Christmas] -->|Get money| B(Go shopping)
B --> C{Let me think}
C -->|One| D[Laptop]
C -->|Two| E[iPhone]
C -->|Three| F[fa:fa-car Car]
3.7 Graphviz
(kind/graphviz "digraph D {
A [shape=diamond]
B [shape=box]
C [shape=circle]
A -> B [style=dashed, color=grey]
A -> C [color=\"black:invis:black\"]
A -> D [penwidth=5, arrowhead=none]
}")3.8 Code
Values of kind/code are rendered as Clojure code.
(kind/code "(update {:x 9} :x inc)")(update {:x 9} :x inc)(kind/code
["(update {:x 9} :x inc)"
"(update {:x 9} :x dec)"])(update {:x 9} :x inc)(update {:x 9} :x dec)3.9 Edn
(will be documented soon)
3.10 Hiccup
Values of kind/hiccup should be displayed as the HTML this value defines according to Hiccup notation.
(def hello-hiccup
(kind/hiccup
[:ul
[:li [:p "hi"]]
[:li [:big
[:big
[:p {:style
;; https://www.htmlcsscolor.com/hex/7F5F3F
{:color "#7F5F3F"}}
"hello"]]]]]))hello-hiccuphi
hello
This kind has recursive semantics: if the values inside them have kind information, they should be handled accordingly.
Foe example:
(kind/hiccup
[:div {:style
{:background-color "#eeddee"
:border-style "solid"}}
[:p {:style {:background-color "#ccddcc"
:border-style "solid"}}
"hello"]
(kind/md
"hello *hello* **hello**")
(kind/code
"(defn f [x] (+ x 9))")])hello
hello hello hello
(defn f [x] (+ x 9))Scittle and Reagent kinds are recognized automatically inside Hiccup:
- A list beginning with a symbol means
kind/scittle. - A vector with a list beginning with a symbol means
kind/reagent.
(kind/hiccup
[:div
;; recognized as `kind/scittle`
'(defn g [x]
(+ x 9))
;; recognized as `kind/reagent`
['(fn []
[:p (g 11)])]])A more detailed nesting example:
(kind/hiccup
[:div {:style {:background "#f5f3ff"
:border "solid"}}
[:hr]
[:pre [:code "kind/md"]]
(kind/md "*some text* **some more text**")
[:hr]
[:pre [:code "kind/code"]]
(kind/code "{:x (1 2 [3 4])}")
[:hr]
[:pre [:code "kind/dataset"]]
(tc/dataset {:x (range 13)
:y (map inc (range 13))})
[:hr]
[:pre [:code "kind/table"]]
(kind/table
(tc/dataset {:x (range 13)
:y (map inc (range 13))})
{:style {:height "200px"}})
[:hr]
[:pre [:code "kind/vega-lite"]]
(-> {:data {:values "x,y
1,1
2,4
3,9
-1,1
-2,4
-3,9"
:format {:type :csv}},
:mark "point"
:encoding
{:x {:field "x", :type "quantitative"}
:y {:field "y", :type "quantitative"}}}
kind/vega-lite)
[:hr]
[:pre [:code "kind/reagent"]
[:p "(automatically recognized without annotation)"]]
;; Recognized as `kind/reagent`:
['(fn [numbers]
[:p {:style {:background "#d4ebe9"}}
(pr-str (map inc numbers))])
(vec (range 40))]])kind/mdsome text some more text
kind/code{:x (1 2 [3 4])}kind/dataset_unnamed [13 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 6 |
| 6 | 7 |
| 7 | 8 |
| 8 | 9 |
| 9 | 10 |
| 10 | 11 |
| 11 | 12 |
| 12 | 13 |
kind/table| x | y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 6 |
| 6 | 7 |
| 7 | 8 |
| 8 | 9 |
| 9 | 10 |
| 10 | 11 |
| 11 | 12 |
| 12 | 13 |
kind/vega-litekind/reagent(automatically recognized without annotation)
3.11 Reagent
Values of kind/reagent express Reagent components.
(kind/reagent
['(fn [{:keys [initial-value
background-color]}]
(let [*click-count (reagent.core/atom initial-value)]
(fn []
[:div {:style {:background-color background-color}}
"The atom " [:code "*click-count"] " has value: "
@*click-count ". "
[:input {:type "button" :value "Click me!"
:on-click #(swap! *click-count inc)}]])))
{:initial-value 9
:background-color "#d4ebe9"}])The :html/deps option can be used to provide additional dependencies:
(kind/reagent
['(fn []
[:div {:style {:height "200px"}
:ref (fn [el]
(let [m (-> js/L
(.map el)
(.setView (clj->js [51.505 -0.09])
13))]
(-> js/L
.-tileLayer
(.provider "OpenStreetMap.Mapnik")
(.addTo m))
(-> js/L
(.marker (clj->js [51.5 -0.09]))
(.addTo m)
(.bindPopup "A pretty CSS popup.<br> Easily customizable.")
(.openPopup))))}])]
;; Note we need to mention the dependency:
{:html/deps [:leaflet]})Possible ways to specify deps should be documented better soon.
3.12 Scittle
With kind/scittle, one may specify Clojurescript code to run through Scittle.
(kind/scittle
'(.log js/console "hello"))(kind/scittle
'(defn f [x]
(+ x 9)))(kind/reagent
['(fn []
[:p (f 11)])])3.13 HTML
Values of kind/html are displayed as raw html.
(kind/html
"<div style='height:40px; width:40px; background:purple'></div> ")(kind/html
"
<svg height=100 width=100>
<circle cx=50 cy=50 r=40 stroke='purple' stroke-width=3 fill='floralwhite' />
</svg> ")3.14 Vega-Lite
(def vega-lite-plot
(kind/vega-lite
{:encoding
{:y {:field "y", :type "quantitative"},
:size {:value 400},
:x {:field "x", :type "quantitative"}},
:mark {:type "circle", :tooltip true},
:width 400,
:background "floralwhite",
:height 100,
:data {:values "x,y\n1,1\n2,-4\n3,9\n", :format {:type "csv"}}}))vega-lite-plot3.15 Vega
Inspired by Letβs Make A Bar Chart Tutorial of the Vega docs.
(kind/vega
{:$schema "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v5.json"
:width 400
:height 200
:padding 5
:data {:name "table"
:values [{:category :A :amount 28}
{:category :B :amount 55}
{:category :C :amount 43}
{:category :D :amount 91}
{:category :E :amount 81}
{:category :F :amount 53}
{:category :G :amount 19}
{:category :H :amount 87}]}
:signals [{:name :tooltip
:value {}
:on [{:events "rect:mouseover"
:update :datum}
{:events "rect:mouseout"
:update "{}"}]}]
:scales [{:name :xscale
:type :band
:domain {:data :table
:field :category}
:range :width
:padding 0.05
:round true}
{:name :yscale
:domain {:data :table
:field :amount}
:nice true
:range :height}]
:axes [{:orient :bottom :scale :xscale}
{:orient :left :scale :yscale}]
:marks {:type :rect
:from {:data :table}
:encode {:enter {:x {:scale :xscale
:field :category}
:width {:scale :xscale
:band 1}
:y {:scale :yscale
:field :amount}
:y2 {:scale :yscale
:value 0}}
:update {:fill
{:value :steelblue}}
:hover {:fill
{:value :red}}}}})3.16 Cytoscape
(def cytoscape-example
{:elements {:nodes [{:data {:id "a" :parent "b"} :position {:x 215 :y 85}}
{:data {:id "b"}}
{:data {:id "c" :parent "b"} :position {:x 300 :y 85}}
{:data {:id "d"} :position {:x 215 :y 175}}
{:data {:id "e"}}
{:data {:id "f" :parent "e"} :position {:x 300 :y 175}}]
:edges [{:data {:id "ad" :source "a" :target "d"}}
{:data {:id "eb" :source "e" :target "b"}}]}
:style [{:selector "node"
:css {:content "data(id)"
:text-valign "center"
:text-halign "center"}}
{:selector "parent"
:css {:text-valign "top"
:text-halign "center"}}
{:selector "edge"
:css {:curve-style "bezier"
:target-arrow-shape "triangle"}}]
:layout {:name "preset"
:padding 5}})(kind/cytoscape
cytoscape-example)(kind/cytoscape
cytoscape-example
{:style
{:width "100px"
:height "100px"
:background "floralwhite"}})3.17 ECharts
This example is taken from Apache EChartsβ Getting Started.
(def echarts-example
{:title {:text "Echarts Example"}
:tooltip {}
:legend {:data ["sales"]}
:xAxis {:data ["Shirts", "Cardigans", "Chiffons",
"Pants", "Heels", "Socks"]}
:yAxis {}
:series [{:name "sales"
:type "bar"
:data [5 20 36
10 10 20]}]})(kind/echarts
echarts-example)(-> echarts-example
(kind/echarts {:style
{:width "500px"
:height "200px"
:background "floralwhite"}}))3.18 Plotly
(def plotly-example
(let [n 20
walk (fn [bias]
(->> (repeatedly n #(-> (rand)
(- 0.5)
(+ bias)))
(reductions +)))]
{:data [{:x (walk 1)
:y (walk -1)
:z (map #(* % %)
(walk 2))
:type :scatter3d
:mode :lines+markers
:opacity 0.2
:line {:width 10}
:marker {:size 20
:colorscale :Viridis}}]}))(kind/plotly
plotly-example)(-> plotly-example
(kind/plotly {:style
{:width "300px"
:height "300px"}}))3.19 htmlwidgets-ggplotly
kind/htmlwidgets-ggplotly supports rendering plots through the JS client side of ggplotly - an R package offering a Plotly fronted for ggplot2βs grammar of graphics implementation. This package is part of the htmlwidgets ecosystem, and we represent that in the kindβs name.
The following is a work-in-progress attempt to generate JSON specs of the kind consumed by ggplotlyβs client side.
The following spec function was generaged by mimicking Rβs ggplotly(ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) + geom_point()). Therefore, some parts are hard-coded and require generalization. Other parts are missing (e.g., specifying colours).
(defn ->ggplotly-spec [{:keys [layers labels]}]
(kind/htmlwidgets-ggplotly
(let [;; assuming a single layer for now:
{:keys [data xmin xmax ymin ymax]} (first layers)
;; an auxiliary function to compute tick values:
->tickvals (fn [l r]
(let [jump (-> (- r l)
(/ 6)
math/floor
int
(max 1))]
(-> l
math/ceil
(range r jump))))]
{:x
{:config
{:doubleClick "reset",
:modeBarButtonsToAdd ["hoverclosest" "hovercompare"],
:showSendToCloud false},
:layout
{:plot_bgcolor "rgba(235,235,235,1)",
:paper_bgcolor "rgba(255,255,255,1)",
:legend
{:bgcolor "rgba(255,255,255,1)",
:bordercolor "transparent",
:borderwidth 1.88976377952756,
:font {:color "rgba(0,0,0,1)", :family "", :size 11.689497716895}},
:xaxis (let [tickvals (->tickvals xmin xmax)
ticktext (mapv str tickvals)
range-len (- xmax xmin)
range-expansion (* 0.1 range-len)
expanded-range [(- xmin range-expansion)
(+ xmax range-expansion)]]
{:linewidth 0,
:nticks nil,
:linecolor nil,
:ticklen 3.65296803652968,
:tickcolor "rgba(51,51,51,1)",
:tickmode "array",
:gridcolor "rgba(255,255,255,1)",
:automargin true,
:type "linear",
:tickvals tickvals
:zeroline false,
:title
{:text (:x labels),
:font {:color "rgba(0,0,0,1)", :family "", :size 14.6118721461187}},
:tickfont {:color "rgba(77,77,77,1)", :family "", :size 11.689497716895},
:autorange false,
:showticklabels true,
:showline false,
:showgrid true,
:ticktext ticktext
:ticks "outside",
:gridwidth 0.66417600664176,
:anchor "y",
:domain [0 1],
:hoverformat ".2f",
:tickangle 0,
:tickwidth 0.66417600664176,
:categoryarray ticktext,
:categoryorder "array",
:range expanded-range},)
:font {:color "rgba(0,0,0,1)", :family "", :size 14.6118721461187},
:showlegend false,
:barmode "relative",
:yaxis (let [tickvals (->tickvals ymin ymax)
ticktext (mapv str tickvals)
range-len (- ymax ymin)
range-expansion (* 0.1 range-len)
expanded-range [(- ymin range-expansion)
(+ ymax range-expansion)]]
{:linewidth 0,
:nticks nil,
:linecolor nil,
:ticklen 3.65296803652968,
:tickcolor "rgba(51,51,51,1)",
:tickmode "array",
:gridcolor "rgba(255,255,255,1)",
:automargin true,
:type "linear",
:tickvals tickvals,
:zeroline false,
:title
{:text (:y labels),
:font {:color "rgba(0,0,0,1)", :family "", :size 14.6118721461187}},
:tickfont {:color "rgba(77,77,77,1)", :family "", :size 11.689497716895},
:autorange false,
:showticklabels true,
:showline false,
:showgrid true,
:ticktext ticktext,
:ticks "outside",
:gridwidth 0.66417600664176,
:anchor "x",
:domain [0 1],
:hoverformat ".2f",
:tickangle 0,
:tickwidth 0.66417600664176,
:categoryarray ticktext,
:categoryorder "array",
:range expanded-range},)
:hovermode "closest",
:margin
{:t 25.7412480974125,
:r 7.30593607305936,
:b 39.6955859969559,
:l 37.2602739726027},
:shapes
[{:yref "paper",
:fillcolor nil,
:xref "paper",
:y1 1,
:type "rect",
:line {:color nil, :width 0, :linetype []},
:y0 0,
:x1 1,
:x0 0}]},
:highlight
{:on "plotly_click",
:persistent false,
:dynamic false,
:selectize false,
:opacityDim 0.2,
:selected {:opacity 1},
:debounce 0},
:base_url "https://plot.ly",
:cur_data "1f2fea5b54d146",
:source "A",
:shinyEvents
["plotly_hover"
"plotly_click"
"plotly_selected"
"plotly_relayout"
"plotly_brushed"
"plotly_brushing"
"plotly_clickannotation"
"plotly_doubleclick"
"plotly_deselect"
"plotly_afterplot"
"plotly_sunburstclick"],
:attrs {:1f2fea5b54d146 {:x {}, :y {}, :type "scatter"}},
:data
[{:y (:y data)
:hoveron "points",
:frame nil,
:hoverinfo "text",
:marker
{:autocolorscale false,
:color "rgba(0,0,0,1)",
:opacity 1,
:size 5.66929133858268,
:symbol "circle",
:line {:width 1.88976377952756, :color "rgba(0,0,0,1)"}},
:mode "markers"
:type "scatter",
:xaxis "x",
:showlegend false,
:yaxis "y",
:x (:x data)
:text (-> data
(tc/select-columns [:x :y])
(tc/rows :as-maps)
(->> (mapv pr-str)))}]},
:evals [],
:jsHooks []})))A random walk example:
(let [n 100
xs (range n)
ys (reductions + (repeatedly n #(- (rand) 0.5)))
xmin (tcc/reduce-min xs)
xmax (tcc/reduce-max xs)
ymin (tcc/reduce-min ys)
ymax (tcc/reduce-max ys)
data (tc/dataset {:x xs
:y ys})]
(->ggplotly-spec
{:layers [{:data data
:xmin xmin :xmax xmax
:ymin ymin :ymax ymax}]
:labels {:x "wt"
:y "mpg"}}))3.20 Highcharts
(def highcharts-example
{:title {:text "Line chart"}
:subtitle {:text "By Job Category"}
:yAxis {:title {:text "Number of Employees"}}
:series [{:name "Installation & Developers"
:data [43934, 48656, 65165, 81827, 112143, 142383,
171533, 165174, 155157, 161454, 154610]}
{:name "Manufacturing",
:data [24916, 37941, 29742, 29851, 32490, 30282,
38121, 36885, 33726, 34243, 31050]}
{:name "Sales & Distribution",
:data [11744, 30000, 16005, 19771, 20185, 24377,
32147, 30912, 29243, 29213, 25663]}
{:name "Operations & Maintenance",
:data [nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
nil, 11164, 11218, 10077]}
{:name "Other",
:data [21908, 5548, 8105, 11248, 8989, 11816, 18274,
17300, 13053, 11906, 10073]}]
:xAxis {:accessibility {:rangeDescription "Range: 2010 to 2020"}}
:legend {:layout "vertical",
:align "right",
:verticalAlign "middle"}
:plotOptions {:series {:label {:connectorAllowed false},
:pointStart 2010}}
:responsive {:rules [{:condition {:maxWidth 500},
:chartOptions {:legend {:layout "horizontal",
:align "center",
:verticalAlign "bottom"}}}]}})(kind/highcharts
highcharts-example)(kind/highcharts
highcharts-example
{:style {:height "300px"}})3.21 Observable
Observable visualizations can be written as Javascript. Some of us are working on a Clojure DSL to express the same.
Examples from Quartoβs Observable documentation:
(kind/observable
"athletes = FileAttachment('notebooks/datasets/athletes.csv').csv({typed: true})")(kind/observable
"athletes")(kind/observable
"Inputs.table(athletes)")(kind/observable
"
Plot.plot({
grid: true,
facet: {
data: athletes,
y: 'sex'
},
marks: [
Plot.rectY(
athletes,
Plot.binX({y: 'count'}, {x: 'weight', fill: 'sex'})
),
Plot.ruleY([0])
]
})
")(kind/observable
"population = FileAttachment('notebooks/datasets/population.json').json()")(kind/observable
"population")(kind/observable
" import { chart } with { population as data } from '@d3/zoomable-sunburst'
chart")(kind/observable
"
//| panel: input
viewof bill_length_min = Inputs.range(
[32, 50],
{value: 35, step: 1, label: 'Bill length (min):'}
)
viewof islands = Inputs.checkbox(
['Torgersen', 'Biscoe', 'Dream'],
{ value: ['Torgersen', 'Biscoe'],
label: 'Islands:'
}
)
Plot.rectY(filtered,
Plot.binX(
{y: 'count'},
{x: 'body_mass_g', fill: 'species', thresholds: 20}
))
.plot({
facet: {
data: filtered,
x: 'sex',
y: 'species',
marginRight: 80
},
marks: [
Plot.frame(),
]
}
)
Inputs.table(filtered)
data = FileAttachment('notebooks/datasets/palmer-penguins.csv').csv({ typed: true })
filtered = data.filter(function(penguin) {
return bill_length_min < penguin.bill_length_mm &&
islands.includes(penguin.island);
})
")3.22 Video
Values of kind/video are specifications for embedded videos.
URLs that serve video files can be specified using the :src key:
(kind/video {:src "https://www.sample-videos.com/video321/mp4/240/big_buck_bunny_240p_30mb.mp4"})Youtube videos can be spscified using the :youtube-id key: See HTML Youtube Videos on w3schools, for the relevant options.
(kind/video
{:youtube-id "DAQnvAgBma8"})(kind/video
{:youtube-id "DAQnvAgBma8"
:allowfullscreen false})(kind/video
{:youtube-id "DAQnvAgBma8"
:iframe-width 480
:iframe-height 270})(kind/video
{:youtube-id "DAQnvAgBma8"
:embed-options {:mute 1
:controls 0}})3.23 Image
By default (according to kindly/advice), BufferedImage objects are inferred to be of kind/image.
(defonce tree-image
(-> "notebooks/images/Kindly.svg.png"
io/file
(javax.imageio.ImageIO/read)))(type tree-image)java.awt.image.BufferedImagetree-image
URLS can be annotated as images as well.
(kind/image
{:src "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Fifty-fifty_-_something_better_than_rolling_Easter_eggs_%28cropped%29.jpg"})
Other image representations are currently not supported.
(kind/image
"AN IMAGE")unsupported image format: class java.lang.String
3.24 Audio
(experimental)
Playable audio can be specified with a sound file:
(kind/audio
{:src "notebooks/sine_wave.wav"})It can also be specified as a map containing a sampling rate value and a sequential of sampels - float values between -1 to 1.
(defn generate-sine-wave [{:keys [sample-rate duration frequency amplitude]
:or {amplitude 0.5}}]
(let [num-samples (int (* sample-rate duration))
;; Generate samples as int16 reader
samples (for [idx (range num-samples)]
(let [angle (* 2.0 Math/PI idx frequency (/ 1.0 sample-rate))]
(* amplitude (Math/sin angle))))]
{:samples samples
:sample-rate sample-rate}))(kind/audio
(generate-sine-wave {:sample-rate 44100.0
:duration 3
:frequency 440.0
:amplitude 0.3}))(kind/audio
(let [[c4 e4 g4] (for [freq [261.63 329.63 392.00]]
(-> {:sample-rate 44100.0
:duration 1
:frequency freq
:amplitude 0.3}
generate-sine-wave
:samples))]
{:sample-rate 44100.0
:samples (->> (concat c4
(map + c4 e4)
(map + c4 e4 g4)
(map + e4 g4)
g4))}))3.25 Dataset
By default (according to kindly/advice), tech.ml.dataset / Tablecloth datasets are inferred to be of kind/dataset.
This kind should be printed and rendered as Markdown, possibly with some tool-specific table styling.
(def squares-dataset
(-> {:x (range 25)}
tc/dataset
(tc/map-columns :y
[:x]
(fn [x]
(* x x)))))Datasets can have various printable values inside:
(tc/dataset
{:x [1 [2 3] 4]
:y [:A :B :C]})_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 1 | :A |
| [2 3] | :B |
| 4 | :C |
Some elements might be missing:
(tc/dataset
[{:x 1 :y 2 :z 3}
{:y 4 :z 5}])_unnamed [2 3]:
| :x | :y | :z |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | 5 |
Some kind options of kind/dataset control the way a dataset is printed.
(-> {:x (range 30)}
tc/dataset
(kind/dataset {:dataset/print-range 6}))_unnamed [30 1]:
| :x |
|---|
| 0 |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| β¦ |
| 26 |
| 27 |
| 28 |
| 29 |
3.26 Tables
The kind/table kind can be handy for an interactive table view. kind/table understands many structures which can be rendered as a table.
A map containing either :row-vectors (sequence of sequences) or row-maps (sequence of maps) keys with optional :column-names.
(kind/table
{:column-names [:preferred-language :age]
:row-vectors people-as-vectors})| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
| babashka | 65 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojurescript | 47 |
| babashka | 84 |
| clojure | 50 |
| clojure | 91 |
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 86 |
| clojure | 85 |
| babashka | 21 |
| babashka | 78 |
| clojure | 70 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 72 |
| clojurescript | 32 |
| babashka | 36 |
| babashka | 18 |
| babashka | 51 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojure | 6 |
| clojure | 0 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 63 |
| babashka | 6 |
Lack of column names produces table without a header.
(kind/table
{:row-vectors (take 5 people-as-vectors)})| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
Column names are inferred from a sequence of maps
(kind/table
{:row-maps (take 5 people-as-maps)})| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
We can limit displayed columns for sequence of maps case.
(kind/table
{:column-names [:preferred-language]
:row-maps (take 5 people-as-maps)})| preferred-language |
|---|
| clojure |
| babashka |
| babashka |
| babashka |
| clojurescript |
Sequence of sequences and sequence of maps also work
(kind/table (take 5 people-as-vectors))| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
(kind/table (take 5 people-as-maps))| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
Additionally map of sequences is supported (unless it contains :row-vectors or :row-maps key, see such case above).
(kind/table {:x (range 6)
:y [:A :B :C :A :B :C]})| x | y |
|---|---|
| 0 | A |
| 1 | B |
| 2 | C |
| 3 | A |
| 4 | B |
| 5 | C |
A dataset can be also treated as a table input.
(def people-as-dataset
(tc/dataset people-as-maps))(-> people-as-dataset
kind/table)| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
| babashka | 65 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojurescript | 47 |
| babashka | 84 |
| clojure | 50 |
| clojure | 91 |
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 86 |
| clojure | 85 |
| babashka | 21 |
| babashka | 78 |
| clojure | 70 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 72 |
| clojurescript | 32 |
| babashka | 36 |
| babashka | 18 |
| babashka | 51 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojure | 6 |
| clojure | 0 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 63 |
| babashka | 6 |
Additional options may hint at way the table should be rendered.
(-> people-as-dataset
(kind/table {:element/max-height "300px"}))| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
| babashka | 65 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojurescript | 47 |
| babashka | 84 |
| clojure | 50 |
| clojure | 91 |
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 86 |
| clojure | 85 |
| babashka | 21 |
| babashka | 78 |
| clojure | 70 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 72 |
| clojurescript | 32 |
| babashka | 36 |
| babashka | 18 |
| babashka | 51 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojure | 6 |
| clojure | 0 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 63 |
| babashka | 6 |
Some tools support datatables for displaying tables. This can be expressed using the :use-datatables option.
(-> people-as-maps
tc/dataset
(kind/table {:use-datatables true}))| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
| babashka | 65 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojurescript | 47 |
| babashka | 84 |
| clojure | 50 |
| clojure | 91 |
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 86 |
| clojure | 85 |
| babashka | 21 |
| babashka | 78 |
| clojure | 70 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 72 |
| clojurescript | 32 |
| babashka | 36 |
| babashka | 18 |
| babashka | 51 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojure | 6 |
| clojure | 0 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 63 |
| babashka | 6 |
In addition, the :datatables option can be used to control datatables options (see the full list).
(-> people-as-dataset
(kind/table {:use-datatables true
:datatables {:scrollY 200}}))| preferred-language | age |
|---|---|
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 61 |
| babashka | 94 |
| babashka | 27 |
| clojurescript | 1 |
| babashka | 65 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojurescript | 47 |
| babashka | 84 |
| clojure | 50 |
| clojure | 91 |
| clojure | 78 |
| babashka | 86 |
| clojure | 85 |
| babashka | 21 |
| babashka | 78 |
| clojure | 70 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 72 |
| clojurescript | 32 |
| babashka | 36 |
| babashka | 18 |
| babashka | 51 |
| clojurescript | 51 |
| clojure | 6 |
| clojure | 0 |
| clojurescript | 39 |
| clojure | 63 |
| babashka | 6 |
The kind/table has recursive semantics: if the values inside them have kind information, they should be handled accordingly.
(kind/table
{:column-names [(kind/code ":x")
(kind/code ":y")]
:row-vectors [[(kind/md "*some text* **some more text**")
(kind/code "{:x (1 2 [3 4])}")]
[(tc/dataset {:x (range 3)
:y (map inc (range 3))})
vega-lite-plot]
[(kind/hiccup [:div {:style {:height 200}}
tree-image])
(kind/md "$x^2$")]]}) |
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
some text some more text |
|
||||||||
_unnamed [3 2]:
|
|||||||||
|
|
3.27 Printing
Values of kind kind/pprint should be printed.
(->> (range 30)
(apply array-map)
kind/println){0 1, 2 3, 4 5, 6 7, 8 9, 10 11, 12 13, 14 15, 16 17, 18 19, 20 21, 22 23, 24 25, 26 27, 28 29}3.28 Pretty printing
Values of kind kind/pprint should be pretty-printed.
(->> (range 30)
(apply array-map)
kind/pprint){0 1,
2 3,
4 5,
6 7,
8 9,
10 11,
12 13,
14 15,
16 17,
18 19,
20 21,
22 23,
24 25,
26 27,
28 29}For some tool like Clay, this is the default when there is no kind information.
(->> (range 30)
(apply array-map)){0 1,
2 3,
4 5,
6 7,
8 9,
10 11,
12 13,
14 15,
16 17,
18 19,
20 21,
22 23,
24 25,
26 27,
28 29}Still, it can be is useful to ensure the same behaviour across different tools.
It can also be useful to override other kinds previously specified or automatically inferred.
(kind/pprint
hello-hiccup)[:ul
[:li [:p "hi"]]
[:li [:big [:big [:p {:style {:color "#7F5F3F"}} "hello"]]]]](kind/pprint
tree-image)[#object[java.awt.image.BufferedImage 0x4c75d968 "BufferedImage@4c75d968: type = 6 ColorModel: #pixelBits = 32 numComponents = 4 color space = java.awt.color.ICC_ColorSpace@3c9f78d4 transparency = 3 has alpha = true isAlphaPre = false ByteInterleavedRaster: width = 256 height = 256 #numDataElements 4 dataOff[0] = 3"]](kind/pprint
(tc/dataset {:x (range 3)
:y [:A :B :C]}))_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---:|----|
| 0 | :A |
| 1 | :B |
| 2 | :C |
3.29 emmy-viewers
The support for Emmy-viewers is documented at the π Emmy-viewers chapterπ of this book.
3.30 Portal
Values of kind/portal are displayed using an embedded Portal viewer.
(kind/portal
{:x (range 3)})This kind has recursive semantics: if the values inside them have kind information, they should be handled accordingly.
Note that kind/portal applies the kind-portal adapter to nested kinds.
(kind/portal
[(kind/hiccup [:img {:height 50 :width 50
:src "https://clojure.org/images/clojure-logo-120b.png"}])
(kind/hiccup [:img {:height 50 :width 50
:src "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/djblue/portal/fbc54632adc06c6e94a3d059c858419f0063d1cf/resources/splash.svg"}])])(kind/portal
[(kind/hiccup [:big [:big "a plot"]])
vega-lite-plot])(kind/portal
[(kind/hiccup [:p {:style {:background-color "#ccddcc"
:border-style "solid"}}
"hello"])
(kind/md
"hello *hello* **hello**")
(kind/code
"(defn f [x] (+ x 9))")
vega-lite-plot])3.31 Fragment
kind/fragment is a special kind. It expects a sequential value and generates multiple items, of potentially multiple kinds, from its elements.
(->> ["purple" "darkgreen" "goldenrod"]
(mapcat (fn [color]
[(kind/md (str "### subsection: " color))
(kind/hiccup [:div {:style {:background-color color
:color "lightgrey"}}
[:big [:p color]]])]))
kind/fragment)3.31.1 subsection: purple
purple
3.31.2 subsection: darkgreen
darkgreen
3.31.3 subsection: goldenrod
goldenrod
3.32 Function
kind/fn is a special kind. It is displayed by first evaluating a given function and arguments, then proceeding recursively with the resulting value.
The function can be specified through the Kindly options.
(kind/fn {:x 1
:y 2}
{:kindly/f (fn [{:keys [x y]}]
(+ x y))})3(kind/fn {:my-video-src "https://file-examples.com/storage/fe58a1f07d66f447a9512f1/2017/04/file_example_MP4_480_1_5MG.mp4"}
{:kindly/f (fn [{:keys [my-video-src]}]
(kind/video
{:src my-video-src}))})If the value is a vector, the function is the first element, and the arguments are the rest.
(kind/fn
[+ 1 2])3If the value is a map, the function is held at the key :kindly/f, and the argument is the map.
(kind/fn
{:kindly/f (fn [{:keys [x y]}]
(+ x y))
:x 1
:y 2})3The kind of the value returned by the function is respected. For example, here are examples with a function returning kind/dataset.
(kind/fn
{:x (range 3)
:y (repeatedly 3 rand)}
{:kindly/f tc/dataset})_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.09637852 |
| 1 | 0.84540616 |
| 2 | 0.50730715 |
(kind/fn
[tc/dataset
{:x (range 3)
:y (repeatedly 3 rand)}])_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.76805782 |
| 1 | 0.16791787 |
| 2 | 0.22450035 |
(kind/fn
{:kindly/f tc/dataset
:x (range 3)
:y (repeatedly 3 rand)})_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.67422440 |
| 1 | 0.35801331 |
| 2 | 0.92040268 |
kind/fn is a special kind. It is displayed by first evaluating a given function and arguments, then proceeding recursively with the resulting value.
If the value is a vector, the function is the first element, and the arguments are the rest.
(kind/fn
[+ 1 2])3If the value is a map, the function is held at the key :kindly/f, and the argument is the map.
(kind/fn
{:kindly/f (fn [{:keys [x y]}]
(+ x y))
:x 1
:y 2})3The kind of the value returned by the function is respected. For example, here are examples with a function returning kind/dataset.
(kind/fn
[tc/dataset
{:x (range 3)
:y (repeatedly 3 rand)}])_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.48665340 |
| 1 | 0.64559530 |
| 2 | 0.90573494 |
(kind/fn
{:kindly/f tc/dataset
:x (range 3)
:y (repeatedly 3 rand)})_unnamed [3 2]:
| :x | :y |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.72201270 |
| 1 | 0.83935182 |
| 2 | 0.98251054 |
3.33 test-last
kind/test-last allows to define a test over the previous form. This is still work-in-progress, and will be documented soon.
For now, pleaes see the documentation at the Clay tool.
If you are interested in this option, please reach out. We can test it with your project needs, and it will help stabilizing a useful API.
source: notebooks/kinds.clj